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Lake Michigan has a surface area of 22,400 square miles. This large body of water separating the East from a large chunk of the Midwest has always posed a challenge to railroads, which were forced to go around it. In the early days of rail transportation, freight was unloaded from railcars onto boats, shipped across the lake, then loaded back into rail cars. In the late 1800’s, railroads began constructing large boats to haul entire railroad cars. These vessels needed to be built strong to haul ever increasing numbers of freight cars and for all-weather service, including the ability to smash through ice in the winter. The railroad car ferries also provided passenger service across the lake, and in later years carried automobiles as well.

The story of the SS Badger

In 1952-1953, the C&O Railroad http://www.cohs.org commissioned the SS Badger http://www.ssbadger.com/home.aspx and its sister SS Spartan. These would not only be the final additions to the Lake Michigan railroad car ferry fleet, but were also the largest ever built, at a cost of 5 million dollars each. The two vessels were constructed by the Christy Company of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. They each burned coal and were powered by Skinner Unaflow steam engines http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5496.pdf. They were designed to carry rail cars, automobiles, and provide first class passenger accommodations, including staterooms, dining facilities, and recreation. 

By the 1970‘s the railroad industry had changed, and the Interstate Commerce Commission (remember regulation?) allowed the C&O to exit the car ferry business in 1983, selling its last three ferries to the Michigan-Wisconsin Transportation Company. That company struggled along until November 1990, when the SS Badger made its final trip.

The next year, entrepreneur Charles Conrad committed resources to reinvent the SS Badger to carry passengers and their vehicles. It returned to service in May 1992, between Ludington Michigan and Manitowoc Wisconsin. The SS Spartan is tied up in Ludington and occasionally provides replacement parts for the SS Badger.

The SS Badger is the last coal burning steamship in the United States and is one of the last vessels in service on the Great Lakes to be powered by Skinner Unaflow engines, a unique propulsion system that has been designated as a national mechanical engineering landmark. 

The SS Badger offers a fun and relaxing transportation option. She completes the 60 mile trip across Lake Michigan to connect US Highway 10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_10 in about four hours. This saves about three and a half hours compared to driving 411 miles between Manitowoc and Ludington via Chicago. While onboard, travelers can take advantage of entertainment, food, or even staterooms equipped with sleeping berths. 

The Future of the SS Badger

The SS Badger has drawn fire from the EPA and environmental groups due to the release of coal ash from its boilers directly into the waters of Lake Michigan. This has historically been the practice with the SS Badger and coal burning ships in general. Now that the SS Badger is the last one, is the coal ash much of a problem?

As this issue is unresolved and uncertain, the choices may be to convert the boilers to fuel oil, junk the boilers and the historic Skinner engines and convert to diesel engines, or, worse, mothball the vessel.

If you think you may want to see and ride this great ship, better plan to do it soon, just in case.....

Why is the SS Badger important?

It is the last example of an operating large railroad-built Great Lakes car ferry. It still has railroad tracks buried in pavement on the automobile deck. It has the original engines, boilers, and it still burns coal. At its ports, there are still visible artifacts connecting the boat to railroads. The company celebrates the history of the SS Badger and SS Spartan and car ferries in general on its website and in its small museum onboard. 

It is a viable means of transportation now and in the foreseeable future. It employs a large number of people in many trades and professions, which supports business in the communities it serves, as well as further employment. It brings in large numbers of passengers, bringing business to restaurants, lodging, and retail in the two ports. It makes sense, especially in these economic times, to continue to use this valuable resource for as long as practicable.

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I regularly participate as a vendor at Model Train Shows. Chances are, if you’re reading this, you’ve probably been to one or two shows yourself.

You probably also know people who are not into railroading. They probably have some preconceived notion of what we’re all about, based upon some strange uncle who seemed to live in his basement watching trains go round and round. If you really want to amaze one of these people, drag them to a railroad hobby show so they can see the incredible diversity, not only in the participants, but also what is being offered. I’ve been around awhile, and I’m still amazed by at least a couple of things each time I go to a new show.

OK, so we’ve got “electric” trains. Think of all the many different gauges. You can have an elaborate layout that fills your basement, or fits in a briefcase. There are also huge differences in quality (and cost), from the basic set that runs under the Christmas tree to individual highly detailed locomotives costing thousands of dollars.

Maybe you’re into modeling a world for your trains to run in. You’ll need everything: houses, barns, fire stations, fire hydrants, no parking signs, telephone poles, dogs (all breeds), cats, birds, cows, people, cars, grass, rocks, water, drive-in movies, garbage cans, the list goes on. You can buy many of these things ready-made, in various sizes and quality. Or you can buy kits, or parts to make them. Or you can buy the materials to make the parts, to make the object.

Moving away from model railroading, we are also interested in collecting things, like dining car china, timetables, maps, conductor’s punches, bells, whistles, locks, railroad watches, lanterns, tickets, calendars, paintings, photographs, engineering plans, printed items such as napkins, towels, pillow cases, matchbooks, stationary, waybills, pens, pencils, glassware, advertisements, etc.

Yard Goat Images creates and sells DVDs. There are lots of DVDs for sale here at the show too. Railroad DVD subjects include many about modern day freight parades past a particular location, or on a segment of a railroad, or in a part of a city or state. Some DVDs focus on a particular type of diesel engine, or diesel engines from a particular manufacturer, or diesel engines of a particular railroad. Other DVDs are made for casual railfans who are interested in railroading but not in a particular part of it. 

Soo Line 1003 passes a rural Wisconsin crossing, October 16, 2010

Another segment of the DVD industry presents programs originally shot in 16

mm by railfans who came before us, or sometimes professionally by photographers employed by the railroads, or by railroad film icons such as Emery Gulash. And then of course, there’s good old Yard Goat Images, specializing in today’s steam engines performing in mainline excursions, special events, and museum operations.

Let’s move on to the people who attend model train shows. I think they are some of the most interesting and genuinely friendly people on earth. First, there are the little kids, too young to understand much about trains, but are mesmerized by watching the TV screen with a steam locomotive or a model train going around a loop. They are there with Mom & Dad or the grandparents. If they come with the grandparents, they each get one of those wooden train whistles to take home to entertain Mom & Dad. Many of these kids are tomorrow’s “us”. Many of “us” got trains into our blood by being mesmerized somewhere, somehow, and here we are. If we want to see our railroad heritage preserved after we’re all gone, then “Thomas” is our friend, too.

I’m always very excited to see the “Mod” displays, where each modeler is responsible for a section of trackage and scenery. At events like model train shows, the modular units are all hooked together and trains roll.

A young railfan grabs a shot at Hammond/Whiting Indiana Amtrak station, July 19, 2009

The part that excites me is seeing the teenage and young adult club members who are among this segment of rail enthusiasts. They’re using the high tech knowledge they grew up with and applying it to our “electric” trains, resulting in far more realistic operation.

I enjoy watching some of the seasoned hobbyists at the model train shows. They know what they want and where to get it. They arrive early and head to the sellers they’re interested in, and make their purchases. If you’re selling something they’re not into, they barely glance as they hurry by. But afterward as they walk past with their packages, they might slow down, sometimes even get into a conversation. I enjoy this because I learn where they grew up, how they got interested in trains, what part of the hobby fascinates them, how much “stuff” they have, and some of their other interests. Many are current or former railroad employees, or the son or daughter of a rail worker. I found that many rail enthusiasts also have other passions, such as ham radio, old cars, steamships, airplanes, samurai swords, motorcycles, guns, computers, etc.

Well, I hope I haven’t offended anyone. I just think we are all lucky to have found one or two things about railroading to fall in love with, and make it a lifelong passion.

Mine is steam….I love it.

Thanks, Steve Mitchell, Yard Goat Images

Canadian National 3254 heads to Scranton during the NRHS convention, June 24, 2010

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Being in the business of producing railroad videos, I pay attention to what is going on in the community. By community, I mean railroad museums and attractions, groups working to save and restore locomotives, cars and other railroad equipment, specific railroad interest groups like the Great Northern, Soo Line, Milwaukee Road historical societies, etc.

The Friends of the 261 has been in the news frequently as they work to bring back this beauty for another 15 year run. They were able to purchase the locomotive from the National Railroad Museum in Green Bay recently, but were forced to spend the money they were intending to use for restoration to buy it instead. They’ve been working hard to raise more money for the work, which is 

261 thunders west on CP's River Sub on one of many annual Fall Color Trips

never easy. Hopefully they will succeed and we will once again be able to ride behind 261 in the not too distant future.

Other famous locomotives, such as Pere Marquette 1225 also face an uncertain future. Another is Soo Line 1003 with a boiler whose time is up in 2011, and the folks in charge aren’t sure what the future holds for this engine.

GN Wooden Boxcar 5124 is outdoors but under cover, Lake Superior Railroad Museum, Duluth, MN

Add to these the countless steam and diesel locomotives which are in various stages of life; rusting away, in pieces, intact but no money for preservation, recently restored, or operational. Then there are streetcars, interurbans, passenger and freight cars, depots, roundhouses, and other structures. Not to mention historical documents, photo and map collections, engineering drawings, and other memorabilia worth preserving.

The good news is there are many people who have a passion for making things happen. They want to raise money to protect, preserve, and operate or display these objects. Many individuals and groups are donating not only money, but their time and talent to these causes.

We owe these folks our admiration and gratitude for what they are accomplishing. But do you know what? They can’t do it without more help.

Can you devote a few hours now and then to your local railroad museum or history society? They can always use an extra hand to repair a piece of equipment, digitize some documents, operate a locomotive, sell tickets, replace a tie….the list goes on. Stop by. Get to know them. Chances are you have a lot in common and you will enjoy working with them.

On a larger scale, consider writing an article, or serving on a committee of one of the many railroad historical societies. Many concentrate on just one fallen flag railroad, such as the Pennsylvania Railroad Historical Society or on contemporary railroads such as the Union Pacific Historical Society. Most of these organizations publish fine magazines as part of the membership package and have really interesting annual conventions. But they need authors and people to help organize the activities. As an individual you can help, often from your own home via the internet with many of the tasks.

How about money? If you’re one of those lucky people who still gets a paycheck, or maybe you have retired with some monetary cushion, how about some regular donations to one or more of your favorite railroad organizations? Without money, even the most ambitious group of volunteers will not be successful in preserving our railroad history for future generations. Also, while you’re still of sound mind and body, consider adding some of these organizations to your will.

Let’s not forget about the future. Many of us grew up when steam engines and early diesels were common, or remember taking a ride on an interurban or streetcar. There was still a person working in that now boarded up railroad station. Generations that followed did not get the same exposure to railroading as some of us. Thanks to the likes of Thomas & Friends, YouTube, and efforts by our museum community to give children and families activities around operating rail equipment, many young people are now joining the railfan community.

You can help here too. Maybe you have nieces, nephews, grandchildren, or neighbor children. How about organizing a visit to your local rail or trolley museum, or a railroad gift such as a DVD, book, magazine subscription, etc.? Many young people are interested in technology and speed, so maybe you can get them interested in the latest light rail line, high speed trains, and technology advancements of freight railroads.

You get the idea.

Thanks for reading.

Steve Mitchell

http://www.yardgoatimages.com

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