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Lake Michigan has a surface area of 22,400 square miles. This large body of water separating the East from a large chunk of the Midwest has always posed a challenge to railroads, which were forced to go around it. In the early days of rail transportation, freight was unloaded from railcars onto boats, shipped across the lake, then loaded back into rail cars. In the late 1800’s, railroads began constructing large boats to haul entire railroad cars. These vessels needed to be built strong to haul ever increasing numbers of freight cars and for all-weather service, including the ability to smash through ice in the winter. The railroad car ferries also provided passenger service across the lake, and in later years carried automobiles as well.

The story of the SS Badger

In 1952-1953, the C&O Railroad http://www.cohs.org commissioned the SS Badger http://www.ssbadger.com/home.aspx and its sister SS Spartan. These would not only be the final additions to the Lake Michigan railroad car ferry fleet, but were also the largest ever built, at a cost of 5 million dollars each. The two vessels were constructed by the Christy Company of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. They each burned coal and were powered by Skinner Unaflow steam engines http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5496.pdf. They were designed to carry rail cars, automobiles, and provide first class passenger accommodations, including staterooms, dining facilities, and recreation. 

By the 1970‘s the railroad industry had changed, and the Interstate Commerce Commission (remember regulation?) allowed the C&O to exit the car ferry business in 1983, selling its last three ferries to the Michigan-Wisconsin Transportation Company. That company struggled along until November 1990, when the SS Badger made its final trip.

The next year, entrepreneur Charles Conrad committed resources to reinvent the SS Badger to carry passengers and their vehicles. It returned to service in May 1992, between Ludington Michigan and Manitowoc Wisconsin. The SS Spartan is tied up in Ludington and occasionally provides replacement parts for the SS Badger.

The SS Badger is the last coal burning steamship in the United States and is one of the last vessels in service on the Great Lakes to be powered by Skinner Unaflow engines, a unique propulsion system that has been designated as a national mechanical engineering landmark. 

The SS Badger offers a fun and relaxing transportation option. She completes the 60 mile trip across Lake Michigan to connect US Highway 10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_10 in about four hours. This saves about three and a half hours compared to driving 411 miles between Manitowoc and Ludington via Chicago. While onboard, travelers can take advantage of entertainment, food, or even staterooms equipped with sleeping berths. 

The Future of the SS Badger

The SS Badger has drawn fire from the EPA and environmental groups due to the release of coal ash from its boilers directly into the waters of Lake Michigan. This has historically been the practice with the SS Badger and coal burning ships in general. Now that the SS Badger is the last one, is the coal ash much of a problem?

As this issue is unresolved and uncertain, the choices may be to convert the boilers to fuel oil, junk the boilers and the historic Skinner engines and convert to diesel engines, or, worse, mothball the vessel.

If you think you may want to see and ride this great ship, better plan to do it soon, just in case.....

Why is the SS Badger important?

It is the last example of an operating large railroad-built Great Lakes car ferry. It still has railroad tracks buried in pavement on the automobile deck. It has the original engines, boilers, and it still burns coal. At its ports, there are still visible artifacts connecting the boat to railroads. The company celebrates the history of the SS Badger and SS Spartan and car ferries in general on its website and in its small museum onboard. 

It is a viable means of transportation now and in the foreseeable future. It employs a large number of people in many trades and professions, which supports business in the communities it serves, as well as further employment. It brings in large numbers of passengers, bringing business to restaurants, lodging, and retail in the two ports. It makes sense, especially in these economic times, to continue to use this valuable resource for as long as practicable.

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I regularly participate as a vendor at Model Train Shows. Chances are, if you’re reading this, you’ve probably been to one or two shows yourself.

You probably also know people who are not into railroading. They probably have some preconceived notion of what we’re all about, based upon some strange uncle who seemed to live in his basement watching trains go round and round. If you really want to amaze one of these people, drag them to a railroad hobby show so they can see the incredible diversity, not only in the participants, but also what is being offered. I’ve been around awhile, and I’m still amazed by at least a couple of things each time I go to a new show.

OK, so we’ve got “electric” trains. Think of all the many different gauges. You can have an elaborate layout that fills your basement, or fits in a briefcase. There are also huge differences in quality (and cost), from the basic set that runs under the Christmas tree to individual highly detailed locomotives costing thousands of dollars.

Maybe you’re into modeling a world for your trains to run in. You’ll need everything: houses, barns, fire stations, fire hydrants, no parking signs, telephone poles, dogs (all breeds), cats, birds, cows, people, cars, grass, rocks, water, drive-in movies, garbage cans, the list goes on. You can buy many of these things ready-made, in various sizes and quality. Or you can buy kits, or parts to make them. Or you can buy the materials to make the parts, to make the object.

Moving away from model railroading, we are also interested in collecting things, like dining car china, timetables, maps, conductor’s punches, bells, whistles, locks, railroad watches, lanterns, tickets, calendars, paintings, photographs, engineering plans, printed items such as napkins, towels, pillow cases, matchbooks, stationary, waybills, pens, pencils, glassware, advertisements, etc.

Yard Goat Images creates and sells DVDs. There are lots of DVDs for sale here at the show too. Railroad DVD subjects include many about modern day freight parades past a particular location, or on a segment of a railroad, or in a part of a city or state. Some DVDs focus on a particular type of diesel engine, or diesel engines from a particular manufacturer, or diesel engines of a particular railroad. Other DVDs are made for casual railfans who are interested in railroading but not in a particular part of it. 

Soo Line 1003 passes a rural Wisconsin crossing, October 16, 2010

Another segment of the DVD industry presents programs originally shot in 16

mm by railfans who came before us, or sometimes professionally by photographers employed by the railroads, or by railroad film icons such as Emery Gulash. And then of course, there’s good old Yard Goat Images, specializing in today’s steam engines performing in mainline excursions, special events, and museum operations.

Let’s move on to the people who attend model train shows. I think they are some of the most interesting and genuinely friendly people on earth. First, there are the little kids, too young to understand much about trains, but are mesmerized by watching the TV screen with a steam locomotive or a model train going around a loop. They are there with Mom & Dad or the grandparents. If they come with the grandparents, they each get one of those wooden train whistles to take home to entertain Mom & Dad. Many of these kids are tomorrow’s “us”. Many of “us” got trains into our blood by being mesmerized somewhere, somehow, and here we are. If we want to see our railroad heritage preserved after we’re all gone, then “Thomas” is our friend, too.

I’m always very excited to see the “Mod” displays, where each modeler is responsible for a section of trackage and scenery. At events like model train shows, the modular units are all hooked together and trains roll.

A young railfan grabs a shot at Hammond/Whiting Indiana Amtrak station, July 19, 2009

The part that excites me is seeing the teenage and young adult club members who are among this segment of rail enthusiasts. They’re using the high tech knowledge they grew up with and applying it to our “electric” trains, resulting in far more realistic operation.

I enjoy watching some of the seasoned hobbyists at the model train shows. They know what they want and where to get it. They arrive early and head to the sellers they’re interested in, and make their purchases. If you’re selling something they’re not into, they barely glance as they hurry by. But afterward as they walk past with their packages, they might slow down, sometimes even get into a conversation. I enjoy this because I learn where they grew up, how they got interested in trains, what part of the hobby fascinates them, how much “stuff” they have, and some of their other interests. Many are current or former railroad employees, or the son or daughter of a rail worker. I found that many rail enthusiasts also have other passions, such as ham radio, old cars, steamships, airplanes, samurai swords, motorcycles, guns, computers, etc.

Well, I hope I haven’t offended anyone. I just think we are all lucky to have found one or two things about railroading to fall in love with, and make it a lifelong passion.

Mine is steam….I love it.

Thanks, Steve Mitchell, Yard Goat Images

Canadian National 3254 heads to Scranton during the NRHS convention, June 24, 2010

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